How the Facebook Ad Platform Differs
Most PPC advertisers come from a
Google AdWords
background, which is very rooted in “intent based” keyword searches. If
a person searches for “running shoes,” and I have the snappiest copy
and the highest bid on “running shoes,” I win the click, and we go from
there.
But as a PPC ad platform, Facebook is fundamentally different.
When we’re on Facebook, we’re not usually searching for anything
specific, are we? Instead, we leave funny comments, tag photos of our
friends, and share photos of cats and babies.
But more importantly (at least for marketers), we’re Liking pages
that reflect our personal interest in sports, music, movies, and
celebrities. We’re also entering our zip codes, tagging people as family
members, entering our workplaces, sharing our relationship statuses,
and all sorts of other stuff that
speaks to who we are as individuals.
And on Facebook, the effectiveness of an ad isn’t determined by how
well you target a one-off search, but rather how well you understand
real human interests and how they relate to each other. Of course,
images and copy still matter. But without proper targeting, even the
best designed ad is doomed.
In this article, we'll explore four different advanced Facebook ad
targeting techniques. This will focus solely on the targeting aspect of
Facebook Ads and assumes that you already understand the
basics of creating a Facebook ad campaign and can
create compelling images
at 100x72 pixels. With any luck, this article will help you wrap your
mind around Facebook Ads in a whole new way, enabling you to send even
more qualified prospects through your marketing funnel.
A Few Quick Notes About Your Ad’s Landing Page
When clicking through some of the ads on my
Adboard
while researching this article, I was surprised to see that companies
like Universal Studios would run a well-designed ad like this:

Only to send me straight to the Universal Studios Facebook Page:
This is a huge missed opportunity, because I was psyched (pun
intended here, too) about getting the DVD, but there was nowhere for me
to convert.
Lesson Number 1: If you’re going to run a Facebook
ad campaign, you should at least set up and drive that traffic to a
dedicated landing page where your visitors can convert. Check out this
free introduction to landing pages ebook if you’re just getting started.
Lesson Number 2: It’s also a wise move to use the
same, or similar imagery when guiding clickers through the path to
conversion. In other words, if you use one image in your ad, make sure
that same image -- or a variation of it -- also appears on the landing
page so visitors know they're in the right place.
In this second example, Verizon also does a reasonable job with its image and copy:
But, again, they lose me as soon as I click through on the ad. Notice
the lack of Droid RAZR information, which the entire advertisement was
based on?
This lack of consistent visual messaging along the click path is
confusing and ends up costing more money than it’s worth. Not only are
you missing out on sales, but you’re losing money every time someone
clicks and doesn’t take an action.
Lesson Number 3: Tell a consistent, visual story starting from the first ad click all the way through to the last point of conversion.
Of all the ads I tested, True Value's ad was the only one I think really nailed it. Go figure.
This ad ...
Leads to this page ...
Even though the page itself is pretty simple, the entire process is
crystal clear. The image that was used in the ad was modified for the
landing page to include the
call-to-action, “Click to print your coupon,” making the next step easy to grasp within a matter of seconds.
And how did they know I’d print that coupon?
Well ... I’m 27, I'm married, I'm a male, I'm a father, and I've
Liked the pages Saving Money, Super Coupon Lady, and DIYnetwork, among
other things that would signal I'm a responsible adult living on a
budget and Likes to take care of things around the house.
Which leads me to first advanced targeting method ...
1) Facebook Ad Targeting by Interests
Using the True Value ad above as an example, the “27, Married, Male
...” targeting might work well enough. However, it's still very broad in
a lot of ways. Our first method -- the “Interest Cloud Technique” --
requires you to really get inside the head and shoes of the people
you’re targeting.
The goal is to create a cloud of all the potential interests of a
person who might get excited by a trip to the hardware store, and then
make sure there's a convenient geographic location available to them.
For example, while I was impressed with True Value’s marketing funnel,
their closest location is roughly an hour away from where I live.
Realistically, most people probably aren’t going to drive an hour away
just to cash in on a $5.00 coupon.
So if I were to create an interest cloud for someone who would get
excited about a $5.00 coupon, it would look something like this.
Actually,
this is only about 1/4 the size of how I might target an ad like this.
But reading through it will give you a sense of the thought process you
should take -- starting broad with DIY, then moving onto specific
activities, and then getting even more granular with specific television
shows. If I were to continue to drill into this, I’d be also looking up
the names of the hosts for many of these shows, writers for the
magazines, and other celebrities within the home improvement/home
design/landscaping worlds.
Having a broad range of specific keywords like this covers all your bases when marketing to a specific interest graph.
Next, because in-store redemption is critical to the success of the
overall campaign, I’m going to run several smaller campaigns using the
interest graph above, but targeting the
different regions in the country.

The reason for doing this instead of just using “United States” is to
find my most responsive markets throughout the different regions of the
country.
Ideally, I’d like to find my top-performing markets across the nation
so I know how to allocate my budget for future ad spends. For example,
If I find my northeast market (Region 1) outperforms the Pacific
Northwest market (Region 10), I’d want to put more money into Region 1
for future campaigns.
Because the overall goal of this campaign is to drive more foot
traffic into each individual store means I have to drill down into each
region and target all of the cities in which there is a store. To do
this, I’d open up the store locator and find the addresses for every
store in every state for any given region. In New Hampshire, for
example, there are 10 stores ...
On Facebook, I’d then target the ad by city, and then enter every
city where True Value has a location. Then, I'd repeat for every state
until I’ve targeted every store in every city for the entire region. It
would look something like this:
I know what you're thinking.
"But this takes an incredible amount of time to put together!"
You're right -- it does. But the benefit is, now you’ve targeted every
single person on Facebook who is most likely to take action on your
offer
and is within driving distance of your locations. This
results in higher CTRs, which is rewarded with lower cost-per-clicks,
and more happy customers.

But we’re not done yet. In addition to testing the effectiveness of
each region, let’s say you wanted to see which demographic had the most
buying power. You could then break the ad targeting down even further by
age and gender. In its reporting, Facebook breaks age down in the
following buckets:
13-17,
18-24,
25-34,
35-44,
45-54,
55-64,
65+.
Segmenting even further by age range and gender allows you to
slightly modify your messaging (if necessary) while honing in on very
specific segments of the same customer base. So a sample of the campaign
might look like this:
- Region 1, $5.00 off coupon, 25-34, Male
- Region 1, $5.00 off coupon, 25-34, Female
- Region 1, $5.00 off coupon, 35-44, Male
- Region 1, $5.00 off coupon, 35-44, Female
While tedious, this level of depth is intended for you to find your
most responsive demographic segments within any physical location.
Knowing this will allows you to easily target those markets for future
campaigns, and also helps you identify the precise demographics where
you’re underperforming so you can strengthen your efforts within that
market. That conversation might sound like,
“We need a quick boost
in sales to reach our Q4 goals. Why don’t we run a promo to females ages
25-34 (with interest graph attached) in Newport, RI; Kent, CT;
Holliston, MA; and Highgate Center, VT -- in addition to another promo
to the 45-54 males in ...?”
And if you wanted to segment your messaging even further, you can add
in targeting criteria by relationship status and partner interests. For
example, it’s not hard to imagine that a 25-34 year-old single woman
interested in men is at an entirely different stage in life than a 45-54
year-old married man.
Getting this specific with your
segmentation
allows you to use creative that speaks directly to the person clicking
on the ad. Not only does this improve your conversion rates, but in the
long run, it also plays a huge role in brand affinity in different
markets.
2) Facebook Ad Targeting by Job Role & Company
Now let’s say you sell a product that is targeted specifically for
company presidents, vice presidents, CEOs, and other high-level
executives, and you want to target very specific companies. In this
case, we’re going to use what I like to call the “Michael Scott Office
Infiltration Technique.”
We’ll start by using the interest cloud method from earlier and
insert all the different positions a C-level executive might use to
describe their position within a company. (Check out
this Wikipedia entry for reference.)
(Again, if I were targeting, this would only be a partial list.)
Next, add a minimum age filter. I like to start at 25, but this
totally depends on who comprises your target audience. Now, without any
age cap or location filters, we have a list of 1.2 million Facebook
users who are potential targets in the entire U.S.

Where this gets interesting is when we start targeting these
high-level executives by the business they’re responsible for. To do
this, you simply scroll down to “See Advanced Targeting Options.”

For grins, let’s say you wanted to target the C-Level executives at Facebook.
Or perhaps you’ve created a brand new
online marketing software that would be perfect for
traditional ad agencies ...

Or maybe -- just maybe -- you’re a really talented freelancer, and you want to shop your resume around to
Fortune 50 companies.
The power of the "Workplace Infiltration Method" can’t be emphasized
enough, especially if you’re a marketers in a B2B industry. If your
business regularly sells solutions to a specific market (like banks, for
example), you only need a list of banks you’d like to market to, and
the titles of the types of people you’d like to have that engagement
from.
Combine this with an effective, organic
inbound marketing strategy, and you’ll always be in your target’s field of vision.
3) Facebook Ad Targeting by Socioeconomic Status
But what if you want to target your ads to other higher paying
markets? This next one is what I call the “Fresh Prince Targeting
Technique.” To start, we’ll use the profession cloud from before; but
this time we’re going to geo-target using the
100 richest zip codes in the U.S.
Marketing 101 says that the best sales come when a customer: 1)
quickly identifies the need for a product or service, and 2) can easily
afford it. And what do we know about people who live in wealthy
neighborhoods? They’re probably willing to invest in things they know
will improve their careers or make their personal lives more enjoyable.
Let’s see how many 25-34 year-old men in the C-level profession cloud live in just the first 15 wealthy zip codes:
Now the obvious thing to be excited about is, there is a decent
potential market in the C-suite. But don’t always think in terms of
sales being the success factor. This is just a hunch, but my gut tells
me that some of these men may fall into the “celebrity executive”
category. With the right promotion, you could potentially land
endorsement deals (at best) and huge earned media wins. The key to
creating a successful promotion is to find out exactly what executives
live in these areas, then recon their social media profiles to discover
what kinds of things they like. Oh ... and the best part?

Of course, it’s not just the C-suite you can target -- there’s no
shortage of other interests that you can target. The only word of
warning is, if you’re going to sell in higher income markets, be
prepared to offer something of seriously high value and quality. Don’t
think you can peddle mid-level products with a higher price tag and get
away with it. There’s a reason they live in these neighborhoods, and
it’s not because they invest their money unwisely.
4) Facebook Ad Targeting by Reverse Targeting
This fourth method has to be my new favorite: “The Reverse Targeting Technique."
Using the site
http://citytowninfo.com/employment,
we’re able to find a breakdown of virtually every profession in every
industry in the United States. Not only that, but as you’ll see in the
screenshot below, you can also get a quick glimpse of the median pay in
the field, number of jobs, and it’s projected percentage of growth.
And when you click on any of the professions, you'll be brought to a
page that gives you an overview of the profession, the top-paying
locations in the country to have that job, and the top-paying industries
for that particular job. In other words, this is a treasure trove of
data for someone using Facebook ads! To illustrate, let me share with
you the top locations in the country for someone working as a “computer
and information scientist.”

By only plugging in these cities (normally segmented by region; I
just got lazy) and the phrase “computer scientist” into the precise
interests section, I was able to build a very respectable target
profile.

If I wanted to segment even further, I could also segment by age and
gender. Then, also using the “Top Industries” tab in the report, I could
start researching the companies within those industries in the cities
I’m targeting.

Doing this allows me to target entire departments within the
companies I can enter in “Workplaces.” This is perfect if I offer a
corporate training solution, or any service specific to that job. And
it's even better if my product is really niche -- like specifically
designed for "durable good wholesale computer scientists" -- because now
I can filter out all the computer scientists who my product is not made
for, and make sure all of my marketing dollars are going to the exact
right people.
But perhaps my favorite thing about the Reverse Targeting Method is
that it gives you the perfect starting point for finding JV partners and
viable markets for affiliate products. Surely, within every industry
there are leaders trying to push the field forward. Why not help them
expand their reach?
Wrapping Up
With the amount of personal information Facebook has on its users,
it’s always surprising to me that more people don’t give the social
network's ad platform a shot. By taking the extra time to research all
the different ways people might describe their interests, then
researching how those interests are marketed, you can create targeting
profiles, copy, and images that will not only stand out, but will also
make your ad’s click path an enjoyable experience.
If you’ve made it this far, I very much appreciate you taking the
time to learn about these methods. If you know someone who might find
this article useful, please share it with them, and if you have any
questions or any other methods you know are effective, please add them
in the comments below.